Welcome to the “Shrines” category of the Tokyo Shitamachi Guide, where we introduce Shinto shrines in Tokyo’s Shitamachi area—defined as the region along and east of the Sumida River.
Each article highlights an intriguing site for your sightseeing journey in Tokyo. In this installment, we feature Sumiyoshi Shrine, a historic Shinto shrine located in Tsukuda, Chuo Ward.
Sumiyoshi Shrine stands on an artificial island downstream of the Sumida River. For over 400 years, it has served as a guardian deity for fishermen and the maritime enterprises of Edo Bay, which is now Tokyo Bay.
In the late 19th century, the island underwent significant development and expansion. Presently, the area is known as Tsukishima, renowned for its lively “Monja Street”, a popular food destination. Moreover, the iconic Tsukiji Market is within walking distance of the shrine, making it an excellent addition to your Tokyo itinerary.
This guide provides clear and concise information on the following topics related to Sumiyoshi Shrine:
- Historical Background
- Enshrined Deities
- Key Highlights
- Transportation Options
- Other Useful Tips
Use this article to enrich your understanding of Sumiyoshi Shrine and as a handy reference during your visit!
History of Sumiyoshi Shrine
The origins of Sumiyoshi Shrine date back to the 3rd century and are deeply intertwined with two historical figures: Empress Jingu and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Empress Jingu and Sumiyoshi Sanjin
Empress Jingu (170–269) was a member of Japan’s imperial family, married to Emperor Chuai, the 14th Emperor of Japan. Her story connects closely to the three Shinto deities known as the Sumiyoshi Sanjin, who emerged during Izanagi’s purification ritual after his return from the realm of death.
In the year 200, Empress Jingu received a prophecy from the Sumiyoshi Sanjin:
“Engage in battle against Silla,”
referring to a former kingdom on the Korean Peninsula. They further instructed her:
“Enshrine us, and you will achieve victory in the war.”
Acting on this prophecy, Empress Jingu led her forces to the Korean Peninsula and successfully gained control over Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje.
Upon her return, she stopped at Taminoshima Island (modern-day Tsukuda in Osaka City), where she celebrated her victory and enshrined the Sumiyoshi Sanjin. This marked the beginning of Taminoshima Sumiyoshi Shrine, now known as Tamino Shrine.
Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Fishermen of Tsukuda
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1554–1616), the founder of the Edo Shogunate, played a significant role in the shrine’s later history.
In 1586, Tokugawa Ieyasu visited Taminoshima Sumiyoshi Shrine. During this visit, fishermen from Taminoshima Island and neighboring Owada Village provided ferries to assist Ieyasu and his entourage. Their generosity left a lasting impression, and Ieyasu forged a strong bond with them.
As part of his support, Taminoshima Island was renamed Tsukuda Village.
The Establishment of Tsukudajima Island and Sumiyoshi Shrine
In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu relocated his base to Edo (present-day Tokyo). Recognizing the fishermen’s skills, he invited them to join him. They settled in a tidal flat area downstream of the Sumida River, where they constructed an artificial island between 1624 and 1645. This island was named Tsukudajima Island, after their hometown.
In 1646, the residents of Tsukudajima Island built a Shinto shrine modeled after Taminoshima Sumiyoshi Shrine. The shrine was dedicated to the Sumiyoshi Sanjin, Empress Jingu, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. This is the Sumiyoshi Shrine we see today in Tsukuda.
With its rich history, Sumiyoshi Shrine reflects centuries of devotion, cultural exchange, and gratitude, from ancient Japan to the Edo period.
Enshrined Deities at Sumiyoshi Shrine
Sumiyoshi Shrine is home to three significant deities, each with unique roles and blessings that connect them to Japan’s mythology and history.
The Sumiyoshi Sanjin
The primary deities of Sumiyoshi Shrine are the Sumiyoshi Sanjin, a trio of Shinto gods that inspired Empress Jingu to lead her campaign to the Korean Peninsula. These deities include:
- Sokotsutsu no O no Mikoto
- Nakatsutsu no O no Mikoto
- Uwatsutsu no O no Mikoto
Mythological Background
The Sumiyoshi Sanjin are deeply linked to the divine purification ritual of Izanagi, one of Japan’s creation deities. After separating from his wife Izanami, Izanagi performed a sea purification ritual to cleanse himself of the impurities from the realm of death. It was during this ritual that the Sumiyoshi Sanjin appeared from the sea.
Blessings of the Sumiyoshi Sanjin
- Maritime safety
- Abundant catch
- Business prosperity
- Household safety
As deities of the sea and purification, they have long been venerated by fishermen and maritime communities.
Okinaga-Tarashi-Hime
Okinaga-Tarashi-Hime is the deified form of Empress Jingu, a figure associated with war and childbirth.
Blessings of Okinaga-Tarashi-Hime
- Safe delivery
- Fertility and pregnancy
- Childcare and nurturing
- Household safety
- Victory in warfare
Okinaga-Tarashi-Hime is celebrated for her strength and success, embodying a balance of protective and nurturing qualities.
Azuma-Terumioya (Toshogu)
Azuma-Terumioya represents the deified Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He is also referred to as Toshogu or Tosho Daigongen.
Blessings of Azuma-Terumioya
- Career success
- Business prosperity
- Household safety
- Wish fulfillment
As a protector of the nation and a symbol of stability, Azuma-Terumioya reflects the enduring legacy of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s contributions to Japan’s governance and development.
Summary of Deities and Their Blessings
The Sumiyoshi Shrine deities offer a wide range of blessings, including maritime safety, prosperity, familial protection, and wish fulfillment. Whether you seek success in business, protection for your household, or blessings for childbirth, these deities provide spiritual support for visitors of all walks of life.
Highlights of Sumiyoshi Shrine
The Two Torii Gates
First Torii Gate
- Positioned along the Sumida River, the first Torii gate is visible from the opposite riverbank. It provides a picturesque view that captures the shrine’s connection to the river.
- The path leading from the first gate to the shrine is lined with traditional Shitamachi-style private houses, offering a glimpse into the nostalgic atmosphere of old Tokyo.
Second Torii Gate
- The second gate is distinguished by its ceramic plaque, a rarity among Shinto shrines. The shrine’s name inscribed on the plaque was written by Prince Arisugawa Takahito, a prominent figure from the Imperial family and skilled calligrapher.
- In 1990, the ceramic plaque was recognized as a cultural property of Chuo Ward, emphasizing its historical and artistic significance.
Suibansha (Water Purification Basin)
- Located near the first Torii gate, the Suibansha is a facility where visitors can purify their hands and mouths before worshipping.
- The water basin was installed in 1841, and the surrounding structure was built in 1869.
- Relief carvings on the Suibansha depict life on Tsukudajima Island, showcasing its historical roots.
- Designated as a cultural property of Chuo Ward in 1990, it stands as a testament to the shrine’s rich heritage.
Katsuo-Zuka (Bonito Mound)
- Located behind the Suibansha, Katsuo-Zuka is a stone mound dedicated in 1953.
- Katsuo (bonito) is a symbol of prosperity, and the mound serves two purposes:
- Praying for an abundant catch of bonito.
- Honoring the spirits of bonito.
- It reflects the close relationship between the shrine and the fishing community.
The Eight Lucky Gods of Tokyo Shitamachi
- Sumiyoshi Shrine is part of the Eight Lucky Gods of Tokyo Shitamachi, a group of eight shrines in Chuo and Taito Wards.
- Each shrine offers unique blessings, with Sumiyoshi Shrine’s blessing being “Traffic Safety.”
- Introduced in 1981, the pilgrimage to these eight shrines is a delightful way to explore the Shitamachi area and its historical sites.
For more details about the Eight Lucky Gods of Tokyo Shitamachi, refer to a dedicated guide or article.
Other Useful Information
Opening Hours
- 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (Shrine Office)
Contact Information
- TEL: 03-3531-3500
- Address: Tsukuda 1-4-14, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0051
- Google Map:
Public Transport Access
By Train
- 5-minute walk from Tsukishima Station (Exit 6) on the Yurakucho Line.
- 5-minute walk from Tsukishima Station (Exit 6) on the Oedo Line.
By Toei Bus
- 5-minute walk from Tsukuda 2-Chome Stop on Route 東 16 (Higashi 16).
- 6-minute walk from Tsukishima Eki-Mae Stop on Route 東 16 (Higashi 16).
Public Restrooms
- Not confirmed at the shrine itself. However, there is a public restroom near the Tsukuda-Kobashi Bridge.
